Eyes Wide-Closed: Part III :: By Denis Bowden

– A primer for beginners/A reminder for waverers –

(with editing help from a sister in Christ, Lynda Janzen)

Har Shatan and the Decline of Man:

THE ‘ANCIENT OF DAYS’ GOD THE CREATOR

In the Heaven of the Heavens, God rules. We cannot begin to comprehend the omnipotence of His being; such is the scope of His power and majesty. He reigns within the midst of a throng of mighty angelic beings.

At the time of creation, one member of the angelic host stood above all others in sheer beauty and magnificence. Such favor and prestige did he enjoy that he occupied a special place in precedence over all the angelic host in service to God.

So exalted had this angel become in his own eyes that he could not imagine nor countenance that God had created another special being, made in the LORD’S own image. Standing above the angels themselves, this new being immediately stood above him.

Perhaps, when this angel, whom we know as Har Shatan or Satan, saw the magnificence of the created world, he presumed to rule it directly under God. Instead, he sees it given to another! Instantly, man becomes his enemy: he has usurped a position that Satan saw as belonging to him as first among the angelic host.

Among the powers of angels given them by God was that of being able to present themselves in other forms. The Bible teaches that Satan then assumes the shape of a serpent. Capable of speech, he approaches the woman.

THE SERPENT’S DECEPTION

(Genesis 3:1–7)

“Now the serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field that the LORD God had made. And he said to the woman, ‘Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?‘ The woman answered the serpent, ‘We may eat the fruit of the trees of the garden, but about the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden, God has said, ‘You must not eat of it or touch it, or you will die.’ ‘You will not surely die,‘ the serpent told her. ‘For God knows that in the day you eat of it, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.’

‘When the woman saw that the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eyes, and that it was desirable for obtaining wisdom, she took the fruit and ate it. She also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate it. And the eyes of both were opened.”

All mankind, born following the temptation, is tainted by this original sin, born as we are with the knowledge of good and evil. The price man paid for expulsion from the Garden was:

  • Death of our flesh
  • To be conceived and born in sin

TWO DEATHS – THE PRICE OF SIN

An unrepentant sinner has nothing to offer God and receives no offer of redemption. Death in the flesh (the First Death) is the initial price of sin. It was eternal until Jesus, our Messiah, defeated death as He atoned for the sin of mankind by the shedding of His life-blood from within His own sinless being.

In the sight of God, this act of divine grace washes clean all who seek it. And God, seeing no sin in them, but only the pure blood of His Son, permits the ‘Second Death’ of eternal separation and damnation to ‘pass over’ them. So also did the Angel of Death pass over the homes of the Hebrew slaves, the lintels of which had been daubed with the blood of an unblemished, one-year-old male lamb.

Anyone calling upon God through the Messiah’s name, e.g., “Jesus, save me, a wicked sinner!” and confessing to one other person will, at that moment, have their sin debt of denial canceled. One single, contrite act and the sinless blood of Jesus (grace) passes over them, washing away denial. In its wake flows life everlasting.

THE SATANIC DELUSION OF SIN

The attraction of sin is that it counsels abandonment of all moral restrictions, making us less able to apply our conscience and reason. Deniers retreat from the preventative counsel offered by the Holy Spirit and God’s Word. And unconstrained by evil desire and lust, they are prone to hurt others.

Those who say “I am without sin” are spiritually blind. Their existence is a façade built on lies. When, finally, the actuality of physical death claims their flesh, they face the Second Death.

THE FIRST ADAM BROUGHT DEATH – THE NEW ADAM DEFEATED IT FOREVER

Death in Adam, Life in Christ (Romans 5:12, 15)

“Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned…. But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound to the many.”

The man, Adam, bore the direct responsibility for sin. Through his own flesh, Adam brought sin into the world for all mankind. And death reigned supreme from Adam to Moses, who received the Law.

Moses is the earthly foreshadowing of Jesus Messiah (a pattern). But neither Moses nor his brother, the High Priest, Aaron, could forgive sin even with the sacrifice of many thousands of animals, whatever their degree of purity. And they were themselves both of the fallen seed.

All this changed with the life and death of Jesus (the Son of God) upon the Cross. Jesus was born of a virgin by the power of the Holy Spirit. He did not have the same sin-nature body everyone else has.

THE DEFEAT OF ETERNAL SEPARATION (The Second Death)

The ascension of Jesus to Heaven saw His body of flesh transformed as it was translated to a new eternal body. This signaled the defeat of sin and the end of the ‘second death’ of everlasting separation from God as the ‘new Adam,’ Jesus Messiah, rose to new life. Jesus is the ‘first-born of the dead.’

From this point onward, reconciliation with God is only possible for those washed clean in the blood of Jesus.

UNDERSTANDING DENIAL

Jude 1:7

“Just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities, which likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire.”

The awful result of the condemnation that befell the cities of the plain serves to remind us of the ultimate fate awaiting the unrepentant. As Jesus had not yet come, they were not aware of Him or the grace of atonement He would offer. All mankind, however, from Adam, is born with the knowledge of good and evil: the people of those evil cities knew their lifestyle was sinful in the extreme but pursued it anyway.

For over 2,000 years since the crucifixion, there are those who know that Jesus is the Son of God and yet reject Him and the grace He offers. These ‘deniers.’ will be resurrected and judged by God following their First Death of flesh.

Upon confirmation of sentence upon their resurrected souls, they will suffer ‘the Second Death’ of eternal separation and everlasting torment. Those condemned to this ‘living death’ cannot die in the manner that we understand death. Without final oblivion, they ‘live’ within the consciousness of their eternal suffering.

THE REPENTANT HEART SEEKS THE FORGIVENESS OF GOD

The alternative to the ‘Second Death’ is our Salvation, bought by the atoning grace of Jesus.

Those who repent a life spent in sin and denial of its consequences have, while the breath of life remains within them, a chance to beg forgiveness in the name of Jesus. It will not be denied! Having called upon His name as your Savior, confess it to one other person, and your spiritual reconciliation is complete, your name immediately inscribed within the ‘Book of Life.’

At your resurrection (within your translated body), your life is now eternal! A ‘forever’ life of joyful experience, wonder, and worshipful adoration of God. Judged faultless in the eye of God, you are home, crowned with your rewards earned in the name of Jesus. Only the degree of your ‘crown’ awaits.

No one escapes judgment in either sense. Either for reward or punishment: all of mankind is resurrected. Deniers, however, are brought before the Great White Throne in condemnation.

JESUS – THE ALTERNATIVE TO ETERNAL DEATH

Jesus was sent by God to offer all mankind a way out of eternal death. The world denies this is possible as they also deny the existence of any ‘god’ capable of doing this.

For two thousand years since the ascension of Jesus, and our pre-history back as far as the Flood (also denied), God has shown his forbearance when He could well have destroyed every vestige of mankind. Instead, He saved Noah and his family, whose seed was untainted.

Noah worshiped God and did not deny Him. Noah warned the people around him that a great disaster was going to come on the world. We, too, in our age, both Hebrew and Gentile, have been warned that a final, terrible judgment of man is coming.

How strange!

Millions now race to accept very doubtful vaccines, partly because the ‘herd’ instinct guides them to believe that we must ‘all do this together,’ even though a huge amount of contrary medical advice continues to emerge. Why, then, will they take no overt action to save their souls?

Many people believe that a ritual act of confession alone is sufficient to wash away the dirt of an evil lifestyle, followed by an offered act of absolution. The Bible is perfectly clear. The gospel teaches that no other intermediary can replace what must take place in secret directly between you and Jesus. Your repentance and contrition are deeply personal. Jesus is your confessor and the only intermediary permitted between you and God.

THE COMING OF TRIBULATION (The Day of Wrath)

Matthew 24:14

“And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.”

The passing of this world is now very close. God has said, through Jesus, that He will not destroy this world until the words spoken by Jesus have been made known to all mankind. And a 30-second browser search will find Jesus and the Word of God. Even the most obscure village that has not seen or heard a missionary can now ‘find’ Jesus.

Iran is a wonderful example. Ruled with an iron fist by an Islamic theocracy, Christian evangelism is, right now, quenching a burning thirst to know Jesus and His Grace. Thousands upon thousands of Muslims are coming to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ as revealed in the Bible (as opposed to the Isa Jesus in the Koran).

WHEN?

Matthew 24:36-44

“But concerning that day and hour, no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only. For as were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. For as in those days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they were unaware until the flood came and swept them all away, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. Then two men will be in the field; one will be taken and one left….”

No one will know the final day until, on that last day, the end will fall upon the world.

THINGS THAT HAPPEN DURING THE TRIBULATION

Revelation 13:16-18

“Also it causes all, both small and great, both rich and poor, both free and slave, to be marked on the right hand or the forehead, so that no one can buy or sell unless he has the mark, that is, the name of the beast or the number of its name. This calls for wisdom: let the one who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man, and his number is 666.”

Artificial intelligence is now well and truly here. Everyone is talking about how wonderful it will be: A wave of our hand or just nod your head (if that is where the chip is located), and purchase is immediately certified. Even our entire health history can be scanned instantly.

Scripture explicitly describes that anyone not willing to accept what is called ‘the mark of the beast’ will not be permitted to make purchases of any sort, including food. Nor will they be able to sell anything to make money.

THESE SINS ARE SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED:

Revelation 21:8

“But as for the cowardly, the faithless, the detestable, as for murderers, the sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their portion will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

(The eternal death is the punishment that occurs after the flesh dies and your resurrected soul is judged by God.)

HOW CAN YOU AVOID THIS OUTCOME?

Acts 2:38

“And Peter said to them, ‘Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.'”

Only those who seek forgiveness through Jesus and confess their wicked life of sinful denial are to be saved. Confess this with your mouth. Do not be ashamed or afraid to confess to another that you have been saved from eternal damnation by Jesus, the Christ King of God.

ARE WE WARNED OF THE ‘DAY OF THE LORD’?

1 Thessalonians 5:2-3

“For you yourselves are fully aware that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night. While people are saying, ‘There is peace and security,’ then sudden destruction will come upon them as labor pains come upon a pregnant woman, and they will not escape.”

The signs that Jesus spoke of are all around us, but few are listening, particularly not the denominational and evangelical churches.

‘Come on there! Are you saying that all hell will suddenly fall upon the world, even worse than Covid-19, and we won’t be prepared?’

Yep! Yes Sir! Si Signor! Oui! Ja! Evet! Tak! Ya! Da!

Matthew 24:42-44

“Therefore, stay awake, for you do not know on what day your Lord is coming. But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what part of the night the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and would not have let his house be broken into. Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.”

  • Get right with God’ now!’
  • Seek out Jesus in prayer.
  • He will hear you.
  • Confess the uselessness of the life you’ve been leading.
  • Ask Jesus to accept your repentance.

Repentance is your understanding of how wrong you have been to live a life that ignored the Creator. The glory that belonged to Him, you reserved for yourself. Jesus is the only name under heaven to save you from eternal death.

THE WORLD AS WE KNOW IT COLLAPSES:

Matthew 24:7-8

“For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, and there will be famines and earthquakes in various places. All these are but the beginning of the birth pains.”

Many millions of people know Jesus is God come to earth. Yet still, they deny God and hate Jesus, even though they know that this world is in big trouble.

‘It’s all because of ‘climate change, isn’t it!’

The ‘Greens,’ the ‘Vegans,’ the U.N., the Pope, and even little Greta tell us we are doomed unless we ‘save the planet.’ Only trouble is, Planet Earth doesn’t belong to us. And our spiritual landlord is far from happy!

Revelation 1:7

“Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. Even so. Amen.”

This revelation is telling us of the return of King Jesus in his ‘Second’ coming. Triumphant; His Second Return is in glorious majesty, accompanied by a mighty host of saved believers. When Jesus snatches away these believers, His true and faithful church, no one other than the redeemed will ‘see’ it happen. But everyone will see His return as he defeats the nations and rules the earth.

THE ‘LATECOMERS’ IN CHRIST WHO COME IN DURING THE TRIBULATION

James 5:3

“Your gold and silver have corroded, and their corrosion will be evidence against you and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up treasure in the last days.”

Nothing of this world is to remain.

  • Ah! But you’re okay! You’re really flying!
  • Mortgage payments up to date!
  • Money in the bank!
  • Profitable investments!
  • Up-market holidays!
  • Could Life get any better, Amigo?

‘Sorry, Sam! Big problem, mi Amigo!‘ Your chassis has a ‘Use By Date.’

‘Sam, Sam… didn’t you know? Weren’t you ever told?’

‘Your soul is immortal. Resurrected, all of us stand before God for judgment.’

Those belonging to God received a crown of glory and are welcomed home.

No repentance was found in your soul, and in condemnation, you ‘live’ the Second Death as biblically described: in torment and everlasting separation from the presence of God.

No indulgences bought or granted to the living enable eternal salvation. Only the grace bought by Jesus at the terrible price of His spilled blood atones for our wicked denial of God.

Carpe Diem. ‘Seize the Day!’

THIS DAY!

“Jesus, Jesus! Save me!”

THE SCOFFERS AND DOUBTERS

2 Peter 3:3-4

“Knowing this first of all, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires. They will say, ‘Where is the promise of his coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things are continuing as they were from the beginning of creation.’

Jesus predicted exactly, almost to the letter, how the peoples of the World would make evil the centerpiece of their lives.

THE GOOD SHEPHERD

John 6:39

“And this is the will of Him Who sent Me, that I should lose nothing of all that He has given Me, but raise it up on the last day.”

Jesus said that those that God gave Him, through their faith and broken repentance, would be personally raised to heaven as was He Himself.

Jesus stated that on the day ‘this world’ of the unredeemed passes in destruction, all the redeemed souls, saved by His atoning grace, will be raised. He is not referring to the passing of the Earth: it is to be renewed. This world will not be renewed. God has already judged ‘this’ world. He will now judge individual deniers whose pleasures and self-will always came first.

JESUS IN MODERN IDIOM

Jesus, the Christ of God, is the ‘3.10 to Yuma.

Those who purchased their ticket and are waiting on the platform will be ushered to their reserved seat. Those still carousing in the nearby saloon will hear the whistle in the distance as their train vanishes forever.

Matthew 24:29

“Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.”

The very heavens are to be shaken, the sun is darkened, and the light of the moon ceases. Stars flash, falling across the sky, and then the sign of His coming appears across the sky. No matter where you live, which town, city, province, or nation, you will see this. And then the wicked will cry for themselves as they see His glory.

2 Timothy 4:3

“For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching, but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own passions.”

That time is now!

Matthew 24:23-24

“Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘There he is!’ do not believe it. For false christs and false prophets will arise and perform great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.”

Raising false hope with their demagoguery and unbiblical interpretation of Scripture, they lead themselves and their congregations to their eternal doom.

Deny it all: but know that in doing so, you defy the will of God.

To be continued in Part IV: Going, Going, Gone!

Denis Bowden

denisjbowden@gmail.com

Chronology of Mankind: 6,000 Years of History, Part IV :: By Randy Nettles

Authors note: Even though Epochs 16-19 only cover 373 years, the historical events are so plentiful, and due to lack of space, we will mostly be recording headlines and dates only. If you would like more information, I suggest you go to these sources: brittannica.com, history.com, historytoday.com, Wikipedia.org, and When and Where in the Bible and Throughout History by E. Michael and Sharon Rusten.

Nettles Chronology thus far: Epochs 1-15 = 5,608 years

Epoch 16: The Age of Reason (Enlightenment) and Revival (Great Awakening) – AD 1648 – AD 1787 = 139 years

“European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the “long 18th century” as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers in Britain, in France and throughout Europe questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change. The Enlightenment produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions. The American and French Revolutions were directly inspired by Enlightenment ideals and respectively marked the peak of its influence and the beginning of its decline. The Enlightenment ultimately gave way to 19th-century Romanticism.” {1) History.com

In AD 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, which ended the Thirty Years War between the Protestants (Evangelical Union) and the Catholics (Catholic League). Year 5,608 from creation – AD 1648

Puritan leaders develop doctrine and policy known as the Cambridge (Massachusetts) Platform, which laid the foundation for American democracy – Year 5608 from creation – AD 1648

After forcing Charles II of England into exile, Oliver Cromwell, the commander in chief of the army, was named lord protector (head of state of England) of England in lieu of a king. Year 5,613 from creation – AD 1653. Cromwell ruled as lord protector until his death in AD 1658.

Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and physicist who invented the first mechanical calculating machine and discovered the theory of probability, is converted to the Christian faith. Year 5,614 from creation – AD 1654

John Milton, a scholar and government official under Oliver Cromwell, wrote Paradise Lost (his defining work) seven years before his death. Year 5,627 from creation – AD 1667.

Rembrandt van Rijn completes the last of his 2,300 known works of religious paintings, known as The Return of the Prodigal Son, in the same year of his death. Year 5,629 from creation – AD 1669

John Bunyan, an English tinker turned preacher, writes Pilgrim’s Progress (an allegory of the Christian life) while he was imprisoned by the Church of England. He wrote this great literary work, which has remained in print for more than 300 years and has been translated into more than 200 languages, seven years before his death. Year 5,638 from creation – AD 1678

William Penn, an English Quaker, founds Pennsylvania in America and draws up the city of Philadelphia on his newly gained land grant from King Charles II. Pennsylvania was the first seat of true religious toleration in America. Year 5,642 from creation – AD 1682

Sir Isaac Newton, an English professor of mathematics and physics at Cambridge University, publishes his defining work Philosophiae Naturalis Principis Matematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which describes his theory of universal gravitation. Year 5,649 from creation – AD 1687. Newton was an ardent Bible student but was a deist who did not believe in the deity of Christ.

England’s “Glorious Revolution” begins between the Roman Catholic king of England, James II, and the Protestant, William of Orange of the Netherlands. Year 5,650 from creation – AD 1688. The following year, the new king of England, William of Orange, wrote the Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act for English citizens.

After a year of “witch hunts” in Salem, Massachusetts, the final execution in Salem took place on September 22, 1692, when one man and seven women were hanged on Witches Hill. In all, about 150 people were tried as witches, and 19 were convicted and hanged. Year 5,654 from creation – AD 1692

Peter the Great of Russia promotes missions in Siberia. Year 5,662 from creation – AD 1700

Yale College is founded. Year 5,663 from creation – AD 1701

Isaac Watts, an English pastor, publishes Hymns and Spiritual Songs, a collection of Christian songs. Year 5,669 from creation – Ad 1707. These hymns and songs broke the English restrictions against singing anything other than Psalms in public worship.

Russian czar, Peter the Great, issues a “Spiritual Regulation” and establishes a Holy Synod to bring the Russian Orthodox Church under his control. Year 5,683 from creation – AD 1721

Johann Sebastian Bach was an orthodox Lutheran from Germany and was a gifted organist and composer. His greatest work was known as St. Matthew Passion which was published in AD 1729. Year 5,691 from creation

“The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement came at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had grown stale. Christian leaders often traveled from town to town, preaching about the gospel, emphasizing salvation from sins and promoting enthusiasm for Christianity. The result was a renewed dedication toward religion. Many historians believe the Great Awakening had a lasting impact on various Christian denominations and American culture at large.” {2} History.com

First Moravian Missionaries set sail for the West Indies to set up missionaries. Year 5,694 from creation – AD 1732. Over a 50-year period, the Moravians had baptized about 13,000 converts. By the mid-18th century, more than 200 Moravian missions had been established in Australia, North/South America, Tibet, Russia, and parts of Africa.

Jonathan Edwards, a Northampton, Massachusetts Anglican minister, began preaching in AD 1735 and was largely credited with a great revival that came into the area. He is considered one of the chief fathers of the Great Awakening and one of America’s greatest theologians. Year 5,697 from creation – AD 1735. On July 8, 1741, Edwards preached to an indifferent audience in Enfield, Connecticut. The title of the sermon was called “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” and was in reference to God’s wrath and man’s sinfulness. The audience went from being indifferent to fearful for their souls, and some began to cry and shout out, “What shall I do to be saved?” Many were converted that day in Enfield, Connecticut. Edwards wrote many books, including The End for Which God Created the World, The Life of David Brainerd, and Religious Affections.

George Whitefield was educated at Oxford’s Pembroke College and joined a small Christian group at Oxford University in AD 1733, which included Charles and John Wesley. Some students made fun of the group and referred to them as the “Holy Club” or “Methodists.” However, Whitefield was not actually converted until AD 1735. Year 5,697 from creation. He was ordained in the Church of England the following year. Whitefield traveled to the New World seven times, is considered to be the founder of American revivalism, and was considered to be the leader of the Great Awakening in America.

John and Charles Wesley go to the colony of Georgia on a missionary trip to convert Indians that was mostly unsuccessful. They were still of the belief in the theology of works and not faith, and so they failed in their mission and returned to England. Year 5,697 from creation – AD 1735

Three years after the Wesley’s unsuccessful trip to America, the brothers came under the influence of Peter Boehler, a Moravian preacher who taught on justification by faith and not works. They also began reading Martin Luther’s writings on Galatians and Romans. They were both converted to Christ in AD 1738. Year 5,700 from creation. Charles went on to write over 7,000 hymns and became known as the “sweet singer of Methodism.” John became a powerful speaker and evangelist and later became known as the “founder of Methodism.”

Revival begins at Fetter Lane Chapel in London, England, on New Year’s Eve, AD 1738 – Year 5,700 from creation. There were about 60 people in attendance, including George Whitefield, John and Charles Wesley, and other former members of the “Holy Club” at Oxford University. Their annual Watch Night service followed Moravian custom, where they held a prayer service and “love fest,” and then the Lord’s Supper. At about three in the morning, the group was moved by the Holy Spirit and experienced what Whitefield called “a Pentecostal season indeed.” This Moravian service began what came to be known as the Evangelical Revival and reverberated throughout England.

George Whitefield begins his practice of preaching in the open air at Bristol, England, in AD 1739 – Year 5,701 from creation. In AD 1740, Whitefield returned to New England and preached more than 175 times to tens of thousands. He also made fifteen visits to Scotland, two to Ireland, and one each to Bermuda, Gibraltar, and the Netherlands. In his 34-year career, Whitefield gave more than 15,000 sermons to millions of people, of which 78 have been published.

John Wesley also began his itinerant (open-air) preaching in AD 1739. Year 5,701 from creation. He was a member of the Church of England, and his mission was to evangelize Great Britain. John Wesley is known as the father of Methodism. It is estimated that in his lifetime, he rode 250,000 miles on horseback, preached 40,000 sermons, and published, edited, or abridged nearly 400 publications.

George Frideric Handel, a German-born son, was of Lutheran heritage and possessed uncommon musical talent. Handel could play the harpsichord, organ, violin, and oboe by the age of seventeen. After moving to England, Handel wrote about forty operas and oratorios. He composed his most famous work, Messiah, in AD 1741, which tells the story of Christ from prophecy to fulfillment. Year 5,703 from creation – AD 1741. Handel inspired later composers like Haydn, Beethoven, and Mendelssohn.

David Brainerd was born in Haddam, Connecticut, and was converted at the age of twenty-one. He became involved with the Great Awakening in AD 1742 when he was commissioned as a missionary to the Indians. Year 5,704 from creation – AD 1742. He died at an early age from tuberculosis, and his friend Jonathan Edwards published Brainerd’s diary, which became a devotional classic.

Princeton University is founded. Year 5,707 from creation – AD 1746

John Newton, the son of a merchant sea captain, was forced into the British Royal Navy at age nineteen. After trying to escape, Newton was caught and flogged. Later, he went to work on a slave-trader vessel shipping slaves from Africa. In AD 1748, Newton’s ship nearly sank in the North Atlantic. That is when he prayed to God for deliverance, and the result was the ship and crew survived. John Newton was now a converted man and put his faith in God. Year 5,709 from creation – AD 1748. Later, Newton wrote perhaps the greatest hymn of all time, “Amazing Grace,” which was based on his life experiences and subsequent salvation.

The famous French philosopher Voltaire writes the satirical critique of the common ideas about good and evil, Candide, in AD 1759. Year 5,719 from creation – AD 1759. Voltaire was one of the greatest spokesmen for the Age of Enlightenment, advocating the use of reason over religion. He considered the Catholic Church to be superstitious and intolerant. Thirty-nine of his works were banned by the Roman Catholic Church. Voltaire was a humanist and emphasized tolerance as the major characteristic of society. Voltaire’s beliefs were widely held among the educated in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Francis Ashbury was the son of some of the followers of John Wesley. He joined the movement and traveled to America as a missionary. He set sail in AD 1771. Year 5,731 from creation. Once in America, Ashbury became an itinerant preacher and preached the message of Christ. He was the only Methodist missionary who remained in America once the Civil War broke out. By the end of Ashbury’s life, it is estimated that he had ordained more than 4,000 preachers, preached more than 16,000 messages, and more than 214,000 Methodists had joined the ranks in the U.S.

On April 19, 1775, the Civil War of the United States started in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. In the summer of that year, the Continental Congress appointed George Washington commander of the Continental army. The next year on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed, declaring the colonies’ independence from British rule, and the United States of America emerged as a new and sovereign nation. Year 5,736 from creation – AD 1776. The Revolutionary War ended on September 3, 1783, when the Treaty of Paris was signed between Great Britain and the United States, then ratified the following spring.

John Wesley writes the Articles of Religion as the official doctrinal standard for American Methodists. Year 5,744 from creation – AD 1784. The same year, Thomas Coke joined Francis Ashbury in America as a joint superintendent for the Methodists in America. Thomas Coke was one of the most influential figures in the Methodist movement.

The Abolition Society was the first organized group that sought to abolish slavery. This group was formed in England by Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce, and the Abolition movement began at this time. Year 5,747 from creation – AD 1787

The Second Great Awakening in the United States begins at Hampden-Sydney College. Revival then spreads to Washington College, Williams, Dartmouth, Yale, and Amherst. Year 5,747 from creation – AD 1787. The Second Great Awakening in America, which was led by preachers and students alike, lasted from 1787 to 1825.

5,608 years (Epochs 1-15) + 139 years (Epoch 16) = 5,747 years

Epoch 17: The Age of Revolution – AD 1787 to AD 1871 = 84 years

Author’s note: The Age of Revolution was probably started in AD 1775-1786 when the Revolutionary War started between the 13 colonies of America and the British. However, I included it in the Age of Revival as Francis Ashbury, Thomas Coke, and other Methodists were doing great missionary work and revival in America during the late 18th century. Also, the Second Great Awakening began in this time period, so the two ages overlap somewhat. We will start the time of the Age of Revolution with the next great revolution…the French Revolution.

“The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who met his death by guillotine, as did his wife Marie Antoinette. Although it failed to achieve all of its goals and at times degenerated into a chaotic bloodbath, the French Revolution played a critical role in shaping modern nations by showing the world the power inherent in the will of the people.” {3} History.com

The revolution not only overthrew the monarchy but it also attempted to abolish the Catholic Church in France by removing Christianity from French culture. The French Revolution started in AD 1789 – Year 5,694 from creation.

Catherine the Great of Russia establishes the Pale of Settlement, an area the Jewish people were restricted to and isolated from the rest of Russian society. Year 5,751 from creation – AD 1791

The U.S. Bill of Rights, including the First Amendment to the U.S. constitution, is ratified by Congress. Year 5,751 from creation – AD 1791. The First Amendment declares that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government of a redress of grievances.”

William Carey sails for India to establish missionaries. Carey and his evangelists established 26 churches and more than 125 schools. He translated Scripture into at least 35 languages and baptized 1,800 converts. William Carey is known as the father of Modern Missions. Year 5,753 from creation – AD 1793

The Methodists begin to separate from the Church of England – Year 5,757 from creation – AD 1797

Napoleon Bonaparte becomes the Emperor of France in 1804 – Year 5,764 from creation – AD 1804. He reigned for 10 years until AD 1814.

Due to the power and pressure from Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor Francis II resigned, and the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved. Year 5,766 from creation – AD 1806. The H.R.C. was replaced by Napoleon’s Confederation of the Rhine.

English Parliament votes to abolish the slave trade from the British Empire. Year 5,767 from creation – AD 1807. The actual act of abolition of slavery was finally adopted in AD 1833.

Princeton Seminary is founded by Archibald Alexander, a Presbyterian minister in Princeton, New Jersey. Year 5,772 from creation – AD 1812.

In AD 1815, after Napoleon’s defeat, Pope Pius VII re-established the Ghetto of Rome, which forced the Jews in Rome to live within its confines. Year 5,775 from creation – AD 1815

The American Bible Society was founded in AD 1816 in New York City by representatives of regional Bible societies throughout the country. John Quincy Adams and Francis Scott Key were among the Society’s first officials. Year 5,776 from creation – AD 1816

Lott Carey becomes the first black missionary to Africa. Year 5,781 from creation – AD 1821

Czar Nicholas I issues the Cantonist decrees in Russia for the indoctrination of Jewish boys and young men into military service. It also forced the Jewish boys into Russian Orthodox Christianity. Year 5,787 from creation – AD 1827

Joseph Smith Jr. and five other people meet in Fayette, New York, to found a new religion called the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or the Mormon Church). Year 5,790 from creation – AD 1830. In contrast, the same year of 1830, John Nelson Darby revives the hermeneutics of dispensationalism and the eschatology of the pretribulation rapture based on the writings of the apostle (to the Gentiles) Paul.

The missionary David Livingstone sails for Africa on a missionary expedition to take Christianity to Africa, as well as fighting to end the slave trade. Year 5,800 from creation – AD 1840

William Miller forms a group based on his predictions of the date of the Second Coming of Christ. His first prediction date was for March 21, 1843. When Christ failed to return during that period, Miller recalculated the date to be October 22, 1844. When that date failed as well, many left the group, but those who remained formed the foundation for what later became the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Year 5,804 from creation – AD 1844

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write the Communist Manifesto. Year 5,808 from creation – AD 1848

Charles Haddon Spurgeon begins his pastorate at New Park Baptist Chapel (later renamed Metropolitan Tabernacle) in Southwark, London, at age 19. Year 5,814 from creation – AD 1854. Spurgeon authored sermons, an autobiography, commentaries, books on prayer, devotionals, magazines, poetry, and hymns. Many sermons were transcribed as he spoke and were translated into many languages during his lifetime. Spurgeon’s great oratory skills and gift for preaching is evidenced by the fact that his sermons are still popular and available today.

Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull statement regarding Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, declaring that, “from the first moment of her conception, the Blessed Virgin Mary was, by the singular grace and privilege of Almighty God, and in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, Savior of Mankind, kept free from all stain of Original Sin.” Of course, Protestants rejected the dogma. Year 5,814 from creation – AD 1854.

Charles Darwin, the naturalist, publishes The Origin of Species in regards to the theory of evolution, Year 5,819 from creation – AD 1859

The Seventh Day Adventist Church is formally founded. Year 5,820 from creation – AD 1860. Ellen Gould White was the most prominent leader of the group that formally organized in Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1860. White claimed to have experienced some 2,000 visions in her lifetime.

On April 12, 1861, the United States Civil War begins at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. This war was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America (eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861). Year 5,821 from creation – AD 1861. The Civil War lasted for four bloody years until the Confederate States surrendered to the Union.

On December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified. This amendment officially ended slavery in the United States. Year 5,825 from creation – AD 1865

In 1871, Chancellor of Prussia Otto von Bismarck arranged for William I to be crowned emperor of Germany and established an elected governing body. Knowing most of the German empire was Protestant, Bismarck initiated a campaign against the Roman Catholic Church. Year 5,831 from creation – AD 1871

5747 years (Epochs 1-16) + 84 years (Epoch 17) = 5,831 years

The next article, Part V, will complete this series on the Chronology of Mankind: 6,000 Years of History.

nettlesr@suddenlink.net

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1} History.com Enlightenment

{2} History.com Great Awakening

{3} History.com French Revolution